Ever since the dawn of humanity, invention has inspired progress. The
resourcefulness of mankind has continually led to advances in the implements we use;
from time to time we have witnessed revolutionary innovations. Bone regeneration
and tissue engineering therapy may well be counted among these outstanding
breakthroughs.
Bone is a specialized connective tissue most prominently characterized by its
mineralized organic matrix that imparts the physical properties that allow bone tissue
to resist load, to support functional organs such as teeth, and to protect highly
sensitive body parts such as the central nervous system. Bone loss and bone damage
may occur as a result of genetic conditions, infectious diseases, tumours, and trauma.
Additional causes of bone loss or bone damage specific to the oral cavity include
severe periodontal disease, tooth loss, and post-extraction disuse atrophy of the jaws.
While physical activity may result in formation of functionally oriented bone
trabeculae , muscular disuse or muscular atrophy, hormonal changes and aging may
bring about reduction in bone density and lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Pathological bony defects and deficiencies frequently pose therapeutic and
reconstructive challenges.
